Deciding whether or not to buy a stock involves considering numerous factors, and it's easy to overlook some important ones. One such factor is the stop-loss order, which can be crucial for investors.
When used correctly, a stop-loss order can significantly impact your investment strategy, and almost anyone can benefit from using it.
Key Takeaways
Most investors can benefit from using stop-loss orders.
A stop-loss is designed to limit an investor's loss on a security that moves unfavorably.
One key advantage of a stop-loss order is that it eliminates the need to monitor your holdings daily.
A disadvantage is that short-term price fluctuations could trigger the stop, resulting in an unnecessary sale.
What Is a Stop-Loss Order?
A stop-loss order instructs a broker to buy or sell a stock once it reaches a specific price. This order is intended to limit an investor's loss on a security position. For example, setting a stop-loss order 10% below the purchase price of a stock will cap the loss at 10%. If you buy Microsoft (MSFT) at $20 per share and set a stop-loss order at $18, your shares will be sold if the price drops below $18.
Stop-limit orders function similarly to stop-loss orders but include a limit on the execution price. This means the order becomes a limit order to sell at a specified price or better once the stop price is reached.
Advantages of the Stop-Loss Order
The primary benefit of a stop-loss order is that it costs nothing to implement, as commissions are only charged once the stop price is reached and the stock is sold. Think of it as a free insurance policy.
Additionally, stop-loss orders eliminate the need to monitor stock performance daily, which is convenient if you are unable to check your stocks regularly. They also help keep emotions out of decision-making. Many investors fall into the trap of holding onto a stock in the hope that it will recover, leading to greater losses.
No matter your investment style, you should clearly understand why you own a stock and stick to your strategy. For instance, a buy-and-hold investor may not find stop-loss orders as useful as an active trader would.
It's important to note that stop-loss orders do not guarantee profits; intelligent investment decisions are still necessary to succeed.
Stop-Loss Orders to Lock In Profits
While typically used to prevent losses, stop-loss orders can also lock in profits. A trailing stop, for example, moves with the stock price, locking in profits as the price increases. If the stock price rises to $30 and you have a trailing stop at 10%, the stop-loss order will trigger if the price falls below $27, thus securing your gains.
Disadvantages of Stop-Loss Orders
One major downside is that short-term price fluctuations can trigger the stop price, resulting in an unnecessary sale. The challenge is to set a stop-loss percentage that accommodates normal price volatility while protecting against significant losses.
There are no fixed rules for setting stop-loss levels; it depends on your investing style. Active traders might use a 5% level, while long-term investors might choose 15% or more.
Additionally, once the stop price is reached, the order becomes a market order, which may execute at a different price than expected, especially in a fast-moving market. Some brokers do not allow stop orders on certain securities like OTC Bulletin Board stocks or penny stocks.
Stop-limit orders have their own risks. They guarantee a price limit but may not execute, which can be problematic if the market moves quickly past the limit price.
Why Use a Stop-Loss Order?
A stop-loss order helps manage risk by automatically selling a security at a predetermined price, thus limiting potential losses. It is particularly useful for preventing emotion-driven decisions and for investors who cannot constantly monitor their investments.
Risks of Using Stop-Loss Orders
One risk is that a temporary price drop could trigger the stop-loss, leading to an unnecessary sale and potential missed gains if the price quickly recovers.
Can a Stop-Loss Trigger a Buy Order?
Yes, a stop-loss can also trigger a buy order, known as a buy stop. This allows investors to buy a security once it reaches a specific price, useful for entering positions at predetermined levels.
Determining the Price Level for a Stop-Loss
Setting the appropriate price for a stop-loss order depends on factors like risk tolerance, security volatility, and investment goals. Technical analysis tools, such as support and resistance levels, can help identify suitable stop-loss prices.
The Bottom Line
A stop-loss order is a straightforward tool that can provide significant benefits when used correctly. Whether to prevent losses or lock in profits, most investment strategies can benefit from this tool. Think of a stop-loss as an insurance policy: you hope you never have to use it, but it offers valuable protection if needed.
FAQs
What is a stop-loss order?
A stop-loss order instructs a broker to buy or sell a stock once it reaches a specific price, limiting an investor's loss on a security position.
How does a stop-loss order benefit investors?
It eliminates the need to monitor stock performance daily, keeps emotions out of decision-making, and can lock in profits or prevent losses.
What are the disadvantages of stop-loss orders?
Short-term price fluctuations can trigger the stop price, leading to unnecessary sales, and once the stop price is reached, the order becomes a market order, which may execute at a different price than expected.
Can a stop-loss order be used to lock in profits?
Yes, trailing stops can move with the stock price, locking in profits as the price increases.
How do I determine the appropriate price level for a stop-loss?
Consider factors like risk tolerance, security volatility, and investment goals. Technical analysis tools, such as support and resistance levels, can also help identify suitable stop-loss prices.
Are there risks associated with using stop-loss orders?
Yes, temporary price drops can trigger stop-loss orders, leading to unnecessary sales and potential missed gains if the price quickly recovers.